![]() XDF allows us to explore further back in time than ever before," said Garth Illingworth of the University of California at Santa Cruz, principal investigator of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field 2009 (HUDF09) program. "The XDF is the deepest image of the sky ever obtained and reveals the faintest and most distant galaxies ever seen. More than 2,000 images of the same field were taken with Hubble's two premier cameras – the Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Wide Field Camera 3, which extends Hubble's vision into near-infrared light – and combined to make the XDF. Hubble pointed at a tiny patch of southern sky in repeat visits (made over the past decade) for a total of 50 days, with a total exposure time of 2 million seconds. The history of galaxies – from soon after the first galaxies were born to the great galaxies of today, like our Milky Way – is laid out in this one remarkable image. Peppered across the field are tiny, faint, more distant galaxies that were like the seedlings from which today's striking galaxies grew. These red galaxies are the remnants of dramatic collisions between galaxies and are in their declining years. Magnificent spiral galaxies similar in shape to our Milky Way and the neighboring Andromeda galaxy appear in this image, as do the large, fuzzy red galaxies where the formation of new stars has ceased. The faintest galaxies are one ten-billionth the brightness of what the human eye can see. The XDF contains about 5,500 galaxies even within its smaller field of view. The new full-color XDF image reaches much fainter galaxies, and includes very deep exposures in red light from Hubble's new infrared camera, enabling new studies of the earliest galaxies in the universe. By collecting faint light over many hours of observation, it revealed thousands of galaxies, both nearby and very distant, making it the deepest image of the universe ever taken at that time. The Hubble Ultra Deep Field is an image of a small area of space in the constellation Fornax, created using Hubble Space Telescope data from 20. The XDF is a small fraction of the angular diameter of the full Moon. The eXtreme Deep Field, or XDF, was assembled by combining 10 years of NASA Hubble Space Telescope photographs taken of a patch of sky at the center of the original Hubble Ultra Deep Field. Four Successful Women Behind the Hubble Space Telescope's Achievements. ![]() Characterizing Planets Around Other Stars.Measuring the Universe's Expansion Rate. ![]()
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